Known processing problems

CASI data missing GPS sync

If you're seeing azgcorr failing with ** read error on SCO input and, earlier in the output, azcaschk2 is reporting:

GPS message time to CASI clock time difference(s)...
  del_t : 
  freq  : 
  most frequent gap is: 0  secs

** NO (or insufficient) GPS messages or sync pulses
**    ... no sync saved

This means the CASI data files are missing the GPS sync markers (or azcaschk2 can't find them). As a consequence, scans can't be tied to navigation and azgcorr has nothing to work with. Typically, you'll be able to get the file to level 1 without problems, but level 3 can't be done.

To work around the lack of GPS sync, azcaschk2 allows you to use "frame headers" for sync instead. You need to add -FRsync to the azcaschk2 command line.

This should then process through to level 3, though you may need to correct for navigation timing.

Errors in aznav interpolation stage

These can occur (particularly with CASI) when there is a large offset between the site time limits and the ones on the file. azimport will pull in the section of the navigation data according to the file limits and the actual required navigation may be outside this range. A typical error looks something like:

*** DPspline2D no returned vectors  spl_err: 1  slpp 1: -2.4420659 n: 1.9638544
  in  len: 82201   time[0]: 42062.001400  [82200]: 42472.997200
  out len: 11667   time[0]: 42603.547100  [11666]: 43011.876100
  in time vector:
 42062.001400 ...

  out time vector:
 42603.547100 ...

** end of DPspline2D error print

** lat+lng interpolation, vectors incomplete
** should be from index: 0 to index: 11666
** valid data only from idex: 0 to index: 0

To fix this, forcibly specify the time range you want to insert navigation data for with azimport -t JJJ HHMMSS HHMMSS ... (JJJ = Julian date, then the start and end times from the logsheet, plus a few minutes), e.g. azimport -t 261 110000 111000 ... for day 261 11:00:00 to 11:10:00.

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"profile buffer exceeded" - Invalid DEM

If, in the azgcorr output, you see output like:

 ** profile buffer exceeded at: 0 points

 ** profile buffer exceeded at: 0 points

(repeated many times)

This indicates a problem with the DEM. Typically, this would either mean that the DEM wasn't read correctly (check format), doesn't cover the area (check site limits for image and DEM in azgcorr output) or has invalid values in it (e.g. NULL values are a '*' - replace these with 0 or the invalid data value).

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azgcorr "HDF internal error opening file"

When running azgcorr, it immediately quits with something like:

** HDF internal error...
HDF error: (7) <Error opening file>
        Detected in Hopen() [hfile.c line 381]

This will have various causes, including corrupt/inaccessible HDF files, but a particularly nasty one is that you must have write permission on the (casi, untested on others) HDF to be able to run azgcorr on it, even if nothing about the HDF will be changed.

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Image looks straight but vector layers are not lined up

(amro comment)

If the image looked okay after modifiying the GPSOFF and then the vector layers did not line up, them it is better to modify the SCTOFF instead of GPSOFF. This will bring the vector layers to their places (e.g project 2006/206 line 1 , 4 , 5 )

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Incorrect fps in hdr file

When a flight line appears to to be squashed or stretched along track, the problem may be due to an incorrect fps value recored in the hdr file for that flight line. This can easily be solved by editing the fps field to the correct value. Typical value can be found by checking hdr files from other flights.

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Geocorrected flight line appears to be flown at wrong angle

This is probably due to an incorrect central meridian specified in azgcorr.