Lidar QC Procedure

This page describes the procedure for the QC of the LIDAR data.

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QC Procedure

As it stands this is the Lidar data QC procedure. This could be improved and added to as time allows.

Reclassify noisy points

Using Macros

The first stage of the QC is to check the data and reclassify erroneous points. This can be done in Microstation/TerraSolid by creating a macro. It should be straightforward to script this into a GIS such as GRASS too.

Start Microstation and goto Utilities -> MDL Applications -> Terrascan
In Terrascan goto Tools -> Macro

Press Add to add routines to the Macro.

• Change all classes to default class (Action: Classify Points, Routine: by class)
• Classify groups of low points (Action: Classify Points, Routine: low points)
• Classify single low points (Action: Classify Points, Routine: low points)
• Classify isolated points (Action: Classify Points, Routine: isolated points)

To run on large projects use "selected files" instead of reading all LAS files into memory.

Ensure that the output format under 'Save As:' is .LAS (1.0 if possible - may be issues with las2txt.sh and LAS 1.1).

Check the result to see what points have been selected.

Manually

Can use the Assign tool from the Classify menu to amend points which were missed or wrongly classified by the classification algorithms. Select the required options on the 'from' and 'to class' drop down boxes and individually select a point to reclassify it.

If there are a large number of points to be reclassified manually there are several tools (available by clicking on the 'Create Editable Model' icon) which allow groups of points to be reclassified. Be careful if using the 'Classify Using Brush' tool. This tool becomes active once the left mouse button has been clicked and reclassified anything that falls with the region indicated by the mouse icon. Right click with the mouse to deactivate this tool.

Note: Manually reclassifying points can only be done on a per flight line basis.

To remove haze layers, use elevation to threshold (Routine: by absolute elevation). Select an elevation range whose minimum is well above any ground targets and maximum above the haze layer.

Check overlap of neighbouring lines

The first thing to do here is to load up all lines into a viewer (or if runs out of memory load them up in pairs) and see how well they overlap in the horizontal plane. The Fugro viewer is probably best for this because it also allows Shapefiles to be read in (though you can also just use Terrascan with "Colour by intensity"). Check along features that cross between flight lines, for example, roads/field boundaries/hedgerows do they continue unbroken or are they offset between flight lines. Also, compare against the vectors (if available) for any gross offsets.

The elevation between neighbouring flight lines must be checked too. This can be done in various ways:

• examining profiles over the overlapping regions: allows measurements of the height difference to be made (in Terrascan/Microstation)
• Re-order points in Terrascan: reorder 'by elevation (Z)' and colour by flightline. This will ideally show a mix of colours in the overlap region. If only one solid colour is shown then this flightline is consistently higher than the the other.

If the elevations are offset consistently between flight lines then this probably means an error with the calibration values (boresight or range correction). This should be corrected. If the offsets are random per flight line then the average offset per flight line should be noted but not corrected for (unless ground control points are available)

Check against OS vector maps

If not done in the above step then the flight lines must be checked against vectors (if available).

To check in Envi: Create an ascii with las2txt.sh (may not work with LAS 1.1) and then an intensity image with make_lidardem_or_intensity.sh Instructions Here?

To check in Terrascan: You need to convert the .shp vectors into .dgn. Instructions here